AI-Driven Crop Improvement: Integrating Genome Editing, Protein Design, and Multi-Omics Data
This Nature review presents an integrated framework combining CRISPR genome editing, de novo protein design, high-throughput phenotyping, and AI-enabled multi-omics analysis for crop improvement. The authors propose that AI models can guide incorporation of elite alleles into existing and newly domesticated crops, representing a paradigm shift toward data-driven agricultural biotechnology for global food security.
The original study
Integrated biotechnological and AI innovations for crop improvement.
- Authors
- Li G, An L, Yang W, Yang L, Wei T, Shi J, et al.
- Journal
- Nature
- Type
- Journal Article, Review
- PMID
- 40702261
Original abstract
Crops provide food, clothing and other important products for the global population. To meet the demands of a growing population, substantial improvements are required in crop yield, quality and production sustainability. However, these goals are constrained by various environmental factors and limited genetic resources. Overcoming these limitations requires a paradigm shift in crop improvement by fully leveraging natural genetic diversity alongside biotechnological approaches such as genome editing and the heterologous expression of designed proteins, coupled with multimodal data integration. In this Review, we provide an in-depth analysis of integrated uses of omics technologies, genome editing, protein design and high-throughput phenotyping, in crop improvement, supported by artificial intelligence-enabled tools. We discuss the emerging applications and current challenges of these technologies in crop improvement. Finally, we present a perspective on how elite alleles generated through these technologies can be incorporated into the genomes of existing and de novo domesticated crops, aided by a proposed artificial intelligence model. We suggest that integrating these technologies with agricultural practices will lead to a new revolution in crop improvement, contributing to global food security in a sustainable manner.