Molecular Dx Significance 6/10

Updated Review: Nocardia Identification Transformed by MALDI-TOF and Whole Genome Sequencing

This comprehensive update on the genus Nocardia covers the significant taxonomic expansion since 2006 and evaluates modern identification methods including MALDI-TOF MS and whole genome sequencing. These technologies have dramatically improved the speed and accuracy of species-level identification, which is critical for guiding appropriate antimicrobial therapy. The review also addresses actinomycotic mycetoma, a frequently neglected disease caused by Nocardia species.

The original study

Updated Review on

Authors
Traxler RM, Bell ME, Lasker B, Headd B, Shieh WJ, McQuiston JR
Journal
Clinical microbiology reviews
Type
Journal Article, Review
PMID
36314911
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Original abstract

This review serves as an update to the previous Nocardia review by Brown-Elliott et al. published in 2006 (B. A. Brown-Elliott, J. M. Brown, P. S. Conville, and R. J. Wallace. Jr., Clin Microbiol Rev 19:259-282, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.19.2.259-282.2006). Included is a discussion on the taxonomic expansion of the genus, current identification methods, and the impact of new technology (including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight [MALDI-TOF] and whole genome sequencing) on diagnosis and treatment. Clinical manifestations, the epidemiology, and geographic distribution are briefly discussed. An additional section on actinomycotic mycetoma is added to address this often-neglected disease.